Layered materials refer to materials that are composed of multiple layers stacked on top of one another. These materials can exhibit unique properties and behaviors due to the interactions between the different layers. They are often used in various fields such as electronics, photonics, and catalysis. One of the most well-known examples of layered materials is graphene, which consists of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphene has exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, making it a promising material for a wide range of applications. Researchers are also exploring other layered materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and black phosphorus, which have shown potential for use in electronics and optoelectronics. These materials can be synthesized in thin layers with unique electronic and optical properties that can be tuned by controlling the number of layers. Overall, research on layered materials aims to understand their fundamental properties, develop new synthesis methods, and explore their potential applications in various technologies.